P C Chem

Description The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of gabapentin and, more in particular, to a method of synthesis of 1,1-cyclohexane acetic acid monoamide, an intermediate used in the preparation of gabapentin.

Additional Information:

• Item Code: 0109
• Production Capacity: N
• Delivery Time: RAEDY
• Packaging Details: PACKING TO SAFELY FOR TRANSPOTATION.

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME: Hydroxypropyl β cyclodextrin

CAS NO:128446-35-5
INFORMATION OF Hydroxypropyl β cyclodextrin:A cyclodextrin that allows easier diffusion of lipophiles across biological membranes.2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (EP, USP, BP, JP) Grade is the most widely used modified cyclodextrin. The compound has shown to change the physicochemical properties of lipophilic compounds when co-administered. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin functions by forming an inclusion complex with the compound being administered for easier diffusion across biological membranes, and its popularity can be attributed to its large 7 glucose unit cavity size. Some advantageous effects are reduction of negative effects, increased aqueous solubility and increased stability. The effects of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin have been observed to be dose dependent with both advantageous and disadvantageous results occurring at sporadic concentrations. The compound may also increase the antimicrobial effectiveness of chemical agents by increasing their release rate.
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of 6, 7, or 8 glucopyranose units, usually referred to as α-, β-, or γ-cyclodextrins, respectively. These compounds have rigid doughnut-shaped structures making them natural complexing agents. The unique structures of these compounds owe their stability to intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the C2- and C3-hydroxyl groups of neighboring glucopyranose units. The molecule takes on the shape of a torus with the C2- and C3-hydroxyls located around the larger opening and the more reactive C6-hydroxyl aligned around the smaller opening. The arrangement of C6-hydroxyls opposite the hydrogen bonded C2- and C3-hydroxyls forces the oxygen bonds into close proximity within the cavity, leading to an electron rich, hydrophobic interior. The size of this hydrophobic cavity is a function of the number of glucopyranose units forming the cyclodextrin.

The solubility of natural cyclodextrins is very poor. In the late 1960’s, it was discovered that chemical substitutions at the 2, 3, and 6 hydroxyl sites would greatly increase solubility. Most chemically modified cyclodextrins are able to achieve a 50% (w/v) concentration in water.

Cavity size is the major determinant as to which cyclodextrin is used in complexation. The cavity diameter of β-cyclodextrins or β-glucopyranose unit compounds is well-suited for use with molecules the size of hormones, vitamins and many compounds frequently used in tissue and cell culture applications. For this reason, ß-cyclodextrin is most commonly used as a complexing agent.

Additional Information:

• Item Code: PC008
• Production Capacity: 1KG
• Delivery Time: REDAY
• Packaging Details: KG

We are supplier of D-Serine, D-Serine is a non-essential amino acid and dextro isomer of serine with antipsychotic activity. D-serine is a selective full agonist at the glycine site of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor.

Product Name : D-Serine 
Formula :C₃H₇NO_{3
Molecular Weight :} 105.09

Additional Information:

• Production Capacity: No
• Delivery Time: Ready Stock

3-Bromobenzoic acid was used:
• as test solute in the determination of acidity constants by capillary zone electrophoresis
• as internal standard to study the retention mechanisms of an unmodified and a hydroxylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymer by solid-phase extraction
• in synthesis of N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-3-bromobenzamide

Additional Information:

• Item Code: 0108
• Production Capacity: DEPEND UPON MATERIAL
• Delivery Time: IMMEDIATE

product name: Hyaluronic acid


cas no: 9004-61-9
chemical formula: (C₁₄H₂₁NO₁₁)_nsolubilty in water: soluble (in salt)

Additional Information:

• Item Code: PC152
• Production Capacity: 100 GM
• Delivery Time: 15 DAYS
• Packaging Details: 100 GM

COA OF 4-Bromobenzoic acid 98%

CAS NO:586-76-5
FORMULA:

C₆H₄CO₂H

4-Bromobenzoic acid was used to study the metabolic fate of 2-,3-and 4-bromo benzoic acids in rat hepatocytes incubation using high temperature liquid chromatography^[2]. It was used in bromine-specific detection of the metabolites of 2-,3-and 4-bromobenzoic acid in the urine and bile of rats by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry^[1].

Additional Information:

• Production Capacity: DEPEND UPON MATERIAL
• Delivery Time: IMMEDIATE
• Packaging Details: as your required

Information OF Sodium periodate: is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion. It may also be regarded as the sodium salt of periodic acid. Like all periodates it can exist in two different forms: sodium metaperiodate, which has the formula NaIO₄, and sodium orthoperiodate, normally this means sodium hydrogen periodate (Na₂H₃IO₆) but the fully reacted sodium orthoperiodate salt, Na₅IO₆, can also be prepared. Both salts are useful oxidising agents.

PRODUCT :Potassium tert-butoxide
CAS Number:  865-47-4
Packaging Type - Drum

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME:Isonicotinamide

CAS NO:1453-82-3
FORMULA:C₆H₆N₂O
MOLAR MASS:122.13 g·mol⁻¹
MELTING POINT:155-157°C

Isonicotinamide (pyridine-4-carboxamide) is the amide form of isonicotinic acid. It is an isomer of nicotinamide, which has the amide group in the 4-position

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME:PICROTOXIN

CAS NO:124-87-8
FORMULA:C₁₅H₁₈O₇
MELTING POINT:203 Degree C
BOILING POINT:595.8 Degree C
AAPERANCE:SOLID

INFORMATION OF PICROTOXIN:Picrotoxin, also known as cocculin, is a poisonous crystalline plant compound, first isolated by the French pharmacist and chemist Pierre Francois Guillaume Boullay (1777-1869) in 1812.^[1] The name "picrotoxin" is a combination of the Greek words "picros" (bitter) and "toxicon" (poison).^[2]

Found primarily in the fruit of the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus, it has a strong physiological action. It acts as a non-competitive channel blocker for the GABA_A receptor chloride channels.^[3] It is therefore a channel blocker rather than a receptor antagonist.

On the other hand, evidence exists that picrotoxin acts as a competitive antagonist, and not as a channel blocker. For example, Newland and Cull-Candy (1992) found that when recording GABA-activated currents in neurons, picrotoxin "did not alter the amplitude of the main conductance state. However, picrotoxin did reduce the frequency of channel openings." They concluded, "Our data are consistent with a mechanism whereby picrotoxin binds preferentially to an agonist bound form of the receptor and stabilizes an agonist-bound shut state. This could, for example, mean that picrotoxin enhances the occurrence of a desensitized state or an allosterically blocked state." ^[4]

As GABA itself is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, infusion of picrotoxin has stimulant and convulsant effects. As such, picrotoxin can be used to counter poisoning, that can occur during general anesthesia or during a large intake outside of the hospital.

DISCRIPTION:Picrotoxin is a GABA_A receptor antagonist. This compound has been shown to increase noradrenaline levels and turnover in the hypothalamus. Administration of Picrotoxin into the supramammillary nucleus has been noted to increase c-Fos expression in the region, which disinhibits local neurons. Additional studies suggest that Picrotoxin significantly increases [35S]TBPS and [3H]muscimol (sc-200460) binding in the cerebellum, but causes no change in the frontal cortex...

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME:D-TARTARIC ACID

C<sub>AS NO:526-83-0
FORMULA:C4H6O6
MOLAR MASS:150.087 g/mol
MELTING POINT:171 to 174 °C
DENSITY:1.79 g/mL
APPEARANCE:white powder

INFORMATION OF D-TARTARIC ACID:Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes. Its salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of winemaking. It is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation. The acid itself is added to foods as anantioxidant and to impart its distinctive sour taste.
Tartaric is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.</sub>

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME:2,6-dicarboxylic acid

CAS NO:499-83-2
FORMULA:C₇H₅NO₄
MOLAR MASS:167.12 g·mol⁻¹
MELTING POINT:248 to 250 °C

INFORMATION OF 2,6-dicarboxylic acid:Dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid or PDC and DPA) is a chemical compound which composes 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores. It is implicated as responsible for the heat resistance of the endospore.

However, mutants resistant to heat but lacking dipicolinic acid have been isolated, suggesting other mechanisms contributing to heat resistance are at work.

Dipicolinic acid forms a complex with calcium ions within the endospore core. This complex binds free water molecules, causing dehydration of the spore. As a result, the heat resistance of macromolecules within the core increases. The calcium-dipicolinic acid complex also functions to protect DNA from heat denaturation by inserting itself between the nucleobases, thereby increasing the stability of DNA.

Two genera of bacterial pathogens are known to produce endospores: the aerobic Bacillus and anaerobic Clostridium.

The high concentration of DPA in and specificity to bacterial endospores has long made it a prime target in analytical methods for the detection and measurement of bacterial endospores. A particularly important development in this area was the demonstration by Rosen et al. of an assay for DPA based on photoluminescence in the presence of terbium, though ironically this phenomenon was first investigated for using DPA in an assay for terbium by Barela and Sherry. Extensive subsequent work by numerous scientists has elaborated on and further developed this approach.

It is also used to prepare dipicolinato ligated lanthanide and transition metal complexes for ion chromatography.

Additional Information:

• Item Code: 12950
• Production Capacity: NO
• Delivery Time: READY
• Packaging Details: 25KG

Application:

• Spinning additive used in Nylon tyre cord (NTC) manufacture.
• Intermediate for manufacture of the anti-ulcer drug Lansoprazole (Lansoprasole) & Rabepr.azole.
• Rubber chemical - Antioxidant for heat resistant rubber articles which must withstand heat, oxygen & steam. Also used for white coloured or transparent articles, fabric proofing as it is non-staining. Best results are observed when it is used combination (synergistic antioxidant) with Dithiocarbamate + Thiouram accelerators. Can be used for natural as well as synthetic rubbers
• Aging inhibitors in electrical insulation
• Electroplating Chemicals
•  MERCAPTO BENZIMIDAZOLE is widely used in different manufacturing industries. MERCAPTO BENZIMIDAZOLE is a special chemical used mainly is industries.     

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME:D(+)TREHALOSE DIHYDRATE

CAS NO:6138-23-4
FORMULA:C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.2H₂O
APPEARNCE:WHITE POWDER
ASSAY:NLT 98%

DISCRIPTION OF D(+)TREHALOSE DIHYDRATE:Trehalose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules bound by an alpha, alpha-1, 1 linkage. Since the reducing end of a glucosyl residue is connected with the other, trehalose has no reducing power. Trehalose is widely distributed in nature. It is known to be one of the sources of energy in most living organisms and can be found in many organisms, including bacteria, fungi, insects, plants, and invertebrates. In cell culture, trehalose is used as a cryoprotectant. Commonly employed cryoprotectant for mammalian and insect cells is DMSO, which has low molecular weight and penetrates the cells, protecting them at intracellular level. In contrast to DMSO, disaccharides such as trehalose have high molecular weight and do not penetrate the cells, protecting them at extracellular level. Trehalose is superior to other disaccharides like sucrose as a cryoprotectant. It interacts more strongly with water than does sucrose. Moreover, at the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes trehalose is able to displace water molecules bound to carbonyls, but sucrose is not. Trehalose is stable, highly resistant to hydrolysis and chemically inert in its interaction with proteins. It has ability to stabilize phospholipids and proteins due to direct interaction between sugar and polar groups during freeze-drying or air-drying. It is majorly useful in cryopreservation of , oocytes, platelets, macrophages and other blood cells, fibroblasts, retroviruses and most importantly embryonic stem cells. Studies on cryoprotection of fish ES cells have shown that when trehalose is used for cryopreservation of fish ES cells, pluripotency (undifferentiated state) of the cells is retained after recovery. This property would be highly useful for future in vitro differentiation and manipulation of ES cells.In addition to its usage in cryopreservation of cells, trehalose is also used in preservation of macromolecular assemblies such as bioactive proteins, antibodies, liposomes and enzymes. It protects enzymes from heat inactivation in vitro and reduces formation of protein aggregates. Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar and does not react chemically with amino acids or proteins during processing and storage. Owing to its unique chemical structure, trehalose remains stable under low pH conditions, even at elevated temperatures. Unlike other disaccharides, including sucrose, it does not readily hydrolyze to its component parts and subsequently take part in reactions with amino acids and proteins.

Additional Information:

• Item Code: 12990
• Production Capacity: NO
• Delivery Time: READY STOCK
• Packaging Details: 25KG

Cholic acid 99% powder
batch no: 0316591
manufarture date:25. 11. 2016
retest date: 25. 11. 2023
                        certificate of anlasys cholic acid
                                   result: white powder
speciafication:white to cream colourd powder
ppearance : white powder
assey (hplc) :99. 4%
speciafication: minimum 99%
melting point:201* c   
peciafication:197*c to:202*c
loss of drying:  0. 2%
speciafication:maximum:0. 5%
acidity (dry basis) :100. 9%   minimum 99%
deoxycholic acid :0. 2%
speciafication:maximum 1. 0%
colour index: (420nm)
result :3
speciafication: maximum 30
total ash:0. 07%
speciafication: maximum 0. 10%
this product is required baiss product

Additional Information:

• Item Code: PCCHEM522
• Production Capacity: TRADING COMPANY
• Delivery Time: READY STOCK
• Packaging Details: PACKING DETAIL 1,5 KG 10/15/20/25 KG PLEASE MANTION REQUIRD QTY

Additional Information:

• Item Code: PB121

CHEMICAL NAME : Thioanisole
CHEMICAL FORMULA : C₆H₅SCH₃

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME:HEMATOXYLINE

CAS NO:517-28-5
FORMULA:C₁₆H₁₄O₆
MOLAR MASS:302.28 g·mol⁻¹

INFORMATION OF HEMATOXYLINE: Haematoxylin or hematoxylin (/himtksln/), also called natural black 1 or C.I. 75290, is a compound extracted from the heart wood of the logwood tree (Haematoxylum campechianum).^[1] Hematoxylin is a basic and positively charged compound that binds to and forms salts with acidic (basophilic) compounds containing negative charges (such as DNA and RNA, which are acidic/negative because the nucleic acid building blocks that come off the phosphate backbone are negatively charged) and stains them dark blue or violet. Haematoxylin and eosin together make up haematoxylin and eosin stain, one of the most commonly used stains in histology. This type of stain is a permanent stain as opposed to temporary stains (e.g. iodine solution in KI). Another common stain is phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin, a mix of haematoxylin with phosphotungstic acid. When oxidized it formshaematein, a compound that forms strongly coloured complexes with certain metal ions, the most notable ones being Fe(III) and Al(III) salts. Metal-haematein complexes are used to stain cell nuclei prior to examination under a microscope. Structures that stain with iron- or aluminium-haematein are often called basophilic, even though the mechanism of the staining is different from that of staining with basic dyes.
In the early 1970s and in 2008, there were shortages of haematoxylin due to interruptions in its extraction from logwood. The price of the compound increased, affecting the cost of diagnostic histopathology, and prompted a search for alternative nuclear stains. Before the use of any alternatives became firmly established, haematoxylin returned to the market, though at a higher price, and resumed its place in histopathology. Several synthetic dyes have been recommended as replacements, notably celestine blue (CI 51050), gallocyanine (CI 51030), gallein (CI 45445) and eriochrome cyanine R (also called chromoxane cyanine R and solochrome cyanine (CI 43820). All four have Fe(III) as the mordant. Another alternative is the aluminium complex of oxidized brazilin, which differs from haematoxylin by only one hydroxyl group.

Additional Information:

• Item Code: PC-1288
• Production Capacity: NO
• Delivery Time: READY
• Packaging Details: REQUIRED YOUR ENQUIRY

Iodoform is the organoiodine compound with the formula CHI₃. A pale yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, it has a penetrating and distinctive odor (in older chemistry texts, the smell is sometimes referred to as the smell of hospitals, where the compound is still commonly used) and, analogous to , sweetish taste. It is occasionally used as a disinfectant. It is also known as tri-iodomethane, carbon triiodide, and methyl triiodide.

Uses of Iodoform:
Iodoform is primarily used to treat minor skin conditions due to its antiseptic properties. It is also used in various human and animal disinfectant products, and in polarizing films for liquid crystal display or LCD chemicals.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is an organofluorine compound with the chemical formula CF₃CO₂H. It is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor similar to vinegar, but stronger in acidity. TFA is an analogue of acetic acid with the three hydrogen atoms replaced by three fluorine atoms. The acidity of TFA is approximately 34,000 times stronger^[2] than that of acetic acid due to the electronegativity of thetrifluoromethyl group. TFA is widely used in organic chemistry for various purposes.

Uses:
TFA is the precursor to many other fluorinated compounds such as trifluoroacetic anhydride and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol.^[3] It is areagent used in organic synthesis because of a combination of convenient properties: volatility, solubility in organic solvents, and its strength as an acid.^[7] TFA is also less oxidizing than sulfuric acid but more readily available in anhydrous form than many other acids. One complication to its use is that TFA forms an azeotrope with water (b. p. 105 DegreeC).

TFA is popularly used as a strong acid in peptide synthesis and other organic synthesis to remove the t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group.^[8][9]

At a low concentration, TFA is used as an ion pairing agent in liquid chromatography (HPLC) of organic compounds, particularlypeptides and small proteins. TFA is a versatile solvent for NMR spectroscopy (for materials stable in acid). It is also used as a calibrant in mass spectrometry.^[10]

TFA is used to produce trifluoroacetate salts

SAFTY:Trifluoroacetic acid is a corrosive acid but it does not pose the hazards associated with hydrofluoric acid because the carbon-fluorine bond is not labile. Only if heated or treated with ultrasonic waves will it decomposes into hydrofluoric acid. TFA is harmful when inhaled, causes severe skin burns and is toxic for water organisms even at low concentrations.

TFA's reaction with bases and metals, especially light metals, is strongly exothermic. The reaction with lithium aluminium hydride(LAH) results in an explosion.

The pathological defect in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome is slow recycling of ATP. Normally there is enough ATP in a heart cell to last about ten beats - this means that roughly speaking ATP needs to be re-cycled every ten seconds. Top athletes like Steve Redgrave probably recycle ATP every five seconds, but patients with fatigue syndromes may only be able to recycle ATP every minute. Therefore I can do in ten seconds what Steve Redgrave can do in five seconds, but it might take one of my fatigue syndrome patients a minute to achieve the same.

• FORMULA :C5H10O5
• MOALR MASS : 150.13 g/mol
• IUPAS ID : D-Ribose
• MELTING POINT :95 DegreeC
• APPEARNCE :white solid

Additional Information:

• Item Code: 0129
• Production Capacity: NO
• Delivery Time: 2-3 DAYS
• Packaging Details: 25 KG

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME:SINAPINIC ACID

CAS NO:530-59-6
FORMULA:C₁₁H₁₂O₅
MOLAR MASS:224.21 g/mol
MELTING POINT:203 to 205 DegreeC

INFORMATION OF SINAPINIC ACID:Sinapinic acid, or sinapic acid (Sinapine - Origin: L. Sinapi, sinapis, mustard, Gr., cf. F. Sinapine.), is a small naturally occurringhydroxycinnamic acid. It is a member of the phenylpropanoid family. It is a commonly used matrix in MALDI mass spectrometry.^[1][2]It is a useful matrix for a wide variety of peptides and proteins. It serves well as a matrix for MALDI due to its ability to absorb laserradiation and to also donate protons (H⁺) to the analyte of interest.

Sinapic acid can form dimers with itself (one structure) and ferulic acid (three different structures) in cereal cell walls and therefore may have a similar influence on cell-wall structure to that of the diferulic acids.^[3]

Sinapine is an alkaloidal amine found in black mustard seeds. It is considered a choline ester of sinapic acid

INFORMATION OF CREATINE is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to all cells in the body, primarily muscle. This is achieved by increasing the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Creatine was identified in 1832 when Michel Eugene Chevreul isolated it from the basified water-extract of skeletal muscle. He later named the crystallized precipitate after the Greek word for meat, (kreas). Early analysis showed that human blood is approximately 1% creatine, and the highest concentrations are found in animal blood, brain (0.14%), muscle (0.50%), and testes (0.18%). The liver and kidney contain approximately 0.01% creatine. Today, creatine content (as a percentage of crude protein) can be used as an indicator of meat quality.^[3]

PRODUCT NAME : POLYQUATERNIUM-10
Widely used in cosmetic industtry as a skin care product constituent. 

CHEMICAL NAME : 4-Methylbenzophenone
CHEMICAL FORMULA : CH3C6H4COC6H5

INFORMATION OF Potassium iodate:Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent iodine deficiency. Because iodide can be oxidized to iodine by molecular oxygen under wet conditions, US companies add thiosulfates or other antioxidants to the potassium iodide. In other countries, potassium iodate is used as a source for dietary iodine. It is also an ingredient in some baby formula milk.

Like potassium bromate, potassium iodate is occasionally used as a maturing agent in baking.
otassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid by saturating the body with a stable source of iodine prior to exposure.^[2] Approved by the World Health Organization for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO₃) is an alternative to potassium iodide (KI), which has poor shelf life in hot and humid climates.^[3] The UK, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the U.S. states Idaho and Utah are knowN to stock potassium iodate in tablet form.The government of Ireland also, following the September 11 attacks, issued potassium iodate tablets to all households.^[4][5] It is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a thyroid blocker, and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.

Certificate of analysis
Product namel-proline
Cas no147-85-3
Formula c5h9no2
Appearancesolid
Melting point228 c

INFORMATION OF L-PRILINE Proline is an -amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an -amino group, an -carboxylic acid group, and a side chain pyrrolidine, classifying it as a nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid.
USES OF L-PROLINEThe support of joint and skin health is one of the most significant reasons for taking L-proline supplements. It may also support muscle growth and injury recovery.
BENEFITS OF L-PROLINEL-proline is one of the 20 amino acids that are used to synthesize proteins by the human body. This amino acid is encoded in the human genetic code with the codons CCA, CCC, CCG and CCU. L-proline is the only proteinogenic amino acid that is a secondary amine, meaning that its amine nitrogen is bound to two alkyl groups. Virtually all of the proteins in the human body contain L-proline, and the only amino acids that are more abundant are alanine and glutamine. L-proline is especially important in the production of collagen, which is a primary component in skin, cartilage and bone.

The biosynthesis of L-proline uses the amino acid L-glutamate as a precursor, along with the enzymes glutamate 5-kinase and glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. The German chemist Richard Willstatter first synthesized proline in the laboratory in 1900 by reacting 1,3-dibromopropane with the sodium salt of diethyl malonate. The German chemist Hermann Emil Fischer isolated proline from casein in 1901 by using gamma-phthalimido-propylmalonic ester.

The biochemical actions of pure L-proline include weak agonism of the glycine receptors and some glutamate receptors. Plants also use proline to generate tissues such as pollen. Health supplements containing L-proline are often taken to support the growth of connective tissue.

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME:THIOMERSAL

CAS NO:54-64-8
FORMULA:C₉H₉
DENSITY:2.508 g/cm³
APPEARNCE:White or slightly yellow powder
MELTING POINT:232 to 233 DegreeC

INFORMATION OF THIOMERSAL:Thiomersal (INN), commonly known in the U.S. as thimerosal, is an organomercury compound. This compound is a well established antiseptic and antifungal agent.

The pharmaceutical corporation Eli Lilly and Company gave thiomersal the trade name Merthiolate. It has been used as apreservative in vaccines, immunoglobulin preparations, skin test antigens, antivenins, ophthalmic and nasal products, and tattooinks.^[3] Its use as a vaccine preservative was controversial, and it was phased out from routine childhood vaccines in the European Union, and a few other countries in response to popular fears.^[4] The current scientific consensus is that no convincing scientific evidence supports these fears
USES OF THIOMERSAL:Thiomersal's main use is as an antiseptic and antifungal agent. In multidose injectable drug delivery systems, it prevents serious adverse effects such as the Staphylococcus infection that, in one 1928 incident, killed 12 of 21 children vaccinated with a diphtheriavaccine that lacked a preservative.^[13] Unlike other vaccine preservatives used at the time, thiomersal does not reduce the potency of the vaccines that it protects.^[12] Bacteriostatics such as thiomersal are not needed in single-dose injectables.^[14]

In the United States, countries in the European Union and a few other affluent countries, thiomersal is no longer used as a preservative in routine childhood vaccination schedules.^[4] In the U.S., the only exceptions among vaccines routinely recommended for children are some formulations of the inactivated influenza vaccine for children older than two years.^[15] Several vaccines that are not routinely recommended for young children do contain thiomersal, including DT (diphtheria and tetanus), Td (tetanus and diphtheria), and TT (tetanus toxoid); other vaccines may contain a trace of thiomersal from steps in manufacture.^[13] Also, four rarely used treatments for pit viper, coral snake, and black widow venom still contain thiomersal.^[16] Outside North America and Europe, many vaccines contain thiomersal; the World Health Organization has concluded that there is no evidence of toxicity from thiomersal in vaccines and no reason on safety grounds to change to more expensive single-dose administration.^[17] The United Nations Environment Program backed away from an earlier proposal of adding thiomersal in vaccines to the list of banned compounds in a treaty aimed at reducing exposure to mercury worldwide.^[18] Citing medical and scientific consensus that thiomersal in vaccines posed no safety issues, but that eliminating the preservative in multi-dose vaccines, primarily used in developing countries, will lead to high cost and a requirement for refrigeration which the developing countries can ill afford, the UN's final decision is to exclude thiomersal from the treaty.

Information of Galactitol:
Galactitol (dulcitol) is a sugar alcohol, the reduction product of galactose.^[1] In people with galactokinase deficiency, a form ofgalactosemia, excess dulcitol forms in the lens of the eye leading to cataracts.^[2]

Galactitol is produced from galactose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase. Galactose itself comes from the metabolism of the disaccharide lactose into glucose and galactose.

The other common galactose metabolism defect is a defect in galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, an autosomal recessive disorder, which also causes a buildup of galactitol as a result of increased concentrations of galactose-1-phosphate and galactose. The toxicity associated with galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase deficiency is associated with symptoms ofhepatosplenomegaly and mental retardation in addition to the cataracts caused by galactitol buildup. Galactitol is a naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of GALACTOSE. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in GALACTOSEMIAS, a deficiency of GALACTOKINASE.

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME: TRIPHOSGENE

1. -FORMULA :C3Cl6O3
2. -MOLAR MASS : 296.748 g/mol
3. -MELTING POINT : 80 DegreeC
4. -BOILING POINT : 206 DegreeC
5. -APPEARNCE : WHITE CRYSTALS
6. -CAS NO :32315-10-9
7. SafetY

   The toxicity of triphosgene is the same as phosgene since it decomposes to phosgene on heating and upon reaction withnucleophiles. Even trace moisture leads to formation of phosgene. Therefore, this reagent can be safely handled if one takes all the precautions as for phosgene.

Information of Bromoform:
Bromoform (CHBr₃) is a brominated organic solvent, pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very highdensity, and sweet odor is similar to that of . It is a trihalomethane, and is one of the four haloforms, the others beingfluoroform, , and iodoform. Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating with aluminum bromide. Currently its main use is as a laboratory reagent.

Uses:
Only small quantities of bromoform are currently produced industrially in the United States. In the past, it was used as a solvent, and flame retardant, but now it is mainly used as a laboratory reagent, for example as an extraction solvent.Bromoform's high density makes it useful for separation of minerals by density. When two samples are mixed with bromoform and then allowed to settle, the top layer will contain minerals lighter than bromoform, and the bottom layer will contain heavier minerals. Slightly less dense minerals can be separated in the same way by mixing the bromoform with a small amount of a less dense and fully miscible solvent.

Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid. It is found in croton oil and in several other natural products. It was also isolated from the defensive secretion of certain_.

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
PRODUCT NAME:QUERCETIN

CAS NO:117-39-5
FORMAT:C₁₅H₁₀O₇
MOLAR MASS:302.236 g/mol
MELTING POINT:316 DegreeC
DENSITY:1.799 g/cm³
APPEARNCE:yellow crystalline powder

INFORMATION OF QUERCETIN:Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with potential chemopreventive activity. Quercetin, ubiquitous in plant food sources and a major bioflavonoid in the human diet, may produce antiproliferative effects resulting from the modulation of either EGFR or estrogen-receptor mediated signal transduction pathways. Although the mechanism of action of action is not fully known, the following effects have been described with this agent in vitro: decreased expression of mutant p53 protein and p21-ras oncogene, induction of cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis. This compound also demonstrates synergy and reversal of the multidrug resistance phenotype, when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, in vitro. Quercetin also produces anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects mediated through the inhibition of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, thereby preventing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.